在Android中解释服务器数据


前言

在这一篇文章中,主要讲一下如何使用Gson解释服务器返回的具有固定格式的数据。

分析

服务器:在本地使用nodejs的express框架建立的简单服务器。它返回了的数据如下:

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var testArrayStr = "{\"data\": [{\"cnName\": \"jakewharton\",\"age\": 13,\"IsBoy\": true}, {\"cnName\": \"小红\",\"age\": 24,\"IsBoy\": false}],\"msg\": \"\",\"status\": 200}";

var testObjStr = "{\"data\": {\"cnName\": \"小红\",\"age\": 24,\"IsBoy\": false},\"msg\": \"\",\"status\": 200}";

res.end(testObjStr);

我们可以和服务器约定返回的格式模版如下,他们的主要区别是data,可以是对象或者对象的数组形式。

定义解释data为对象的模板:

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public class BaseObjectResult<T> {
public T data;
public String msg;
public int status;
}

定义解释data为数组的模版:

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public class BaseArrayResult<T> {
public List<T> data;
public String msg;
public int status;
}

实体对象:
TestData.java

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public class TestData {
public String cnName;
public int age;
public boolean IsBoy;

@Override
public String toString() {
return "testData:" +
"cnName=" + this.cnName + " " +
"age=" + this.age + " " +
"IsBogy=" + this.IsBoy;
}
}

使用retrofit和gson解释

自定义Converter.Factory

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public class DecodeConverterFactory extends Converter.Factory {

public static DecodeConverterFactory create() {
return create(new Gson());
}

public static DecodeConverterFactory create(Gson gson) {
return new DecodeConverterFactory(gson);
}

private final Gson gson;

private DecodeConverterFactory(Gson gson) {
if (gson == null) throw new NullPointerException("gson == null");
this.gson = gson;
}

@Override
public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
TypeAdapter<?> adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type));
return new CustomResponseBodyConverter<>(adapter, type);
}

@Override
public Converter<?, RequestBody> requestBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] parameterAnnotations, Annotation[] methodAnnotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
TypeAdapter<?> adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type));
return new DecodeRequestBodyConverter<>(gson, adapter);
}

}

CustomResponseBodyConverter.java

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public class CustomResponseBodyConverter<T> implements Converter<ResponseBody, T> {
private final TypeAdapter<T> adapter;
private Type mType;

public CustomResponseBodyConverter(TypeAdapter<T> adapter, Type type) {
this.adapter = adapter;
this.mType = type;
}

@Override
public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {
//解密字符串
if(mType == String.class) {
return (T) value.string();
} else {

}
}
}

DecodeRequestBodyConverter.java

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public class DecodeRequestBodyConverter<T> implements Converter<T, RequestBody> {

private static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
private static final Charset UTF_8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

private final Gson gson;
private final TypeAdapter<T> adapter;
DecodeRequestBodyConverter(Gson gson,TypeAdapter<T> adapter){
this.gson = gson;
this.adapter = adapter;
}
@Override
public RequestBody convert(T value) throws IOException {
Buffer buffer = new Buffer(); //value.toString()
Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buffer.outputStream(),UTF_8);
JsonWriter jsonWriter = gson.newJsonWriter(writer);
adapter.write(jsonWriter,value);
jsonWriter.flush();
return RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE,buffer.readByteString());
}

}

开始使用:

TestDataApi.java

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public interface TestDataApi {
@GET("/")
Call<BaseObjectResult<TestData>> getArrayData();
}
当data为对象时:
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Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://192.168.20.168:3000")
.addConverterFactory(DecodeConverterFactory.create())
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();

TestDataApi testDataApi = retrofit.create(TestDataApi.class);
Call<BaseObjectResult<TestData>> resultCall = testDataApi.getArrayData();
resultCall.enqueue(new Callback<BaseObjectResult<TestData>>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<BaseObjectResult<TestData>> call, Response<BaseObjectResult<TestData>> response) {
if(response.isSuccessful()) {
if(response.body() != null) {
TestData testData = response.body().data;
Log.d("hyj", "msg=" + response.body().msg + " "
+ "status=" + response.body().status + " "
+ testData.toString());
}
}

}

@Override
public void onFailure(Call<BaseObjectResult<TestData>> call, Throwable t) {
ToastUtil.showShort(mContext, t.getMessage());
}
});

输出的结果是:

04-08 16:04:56.053 31894-31894/com.zhangsunyucong.chanxa.testproject D/hyj: msg= status=200 testData:cnName=小红 age=24 IsBogy=false

当data为数组时:
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Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://192.168.20.168:3000")
.addConverterFactory(DecodeConverterFactory.create())
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();

TestDataApi testDataApi = retrofit.create(TestDataApi.class);
Call<BaseArrayResult<TestData>> resultCall = testDataApi.getArrayData();
resultCall.enqueue(new Callback<BaseArrayResult<TestData>>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<BaseArrayResult<TestData>> call, Response<BaseArrayResult<TestData>> response) {
if(response.isSuccessful()) {
if(response.body() != null) {
List<TestData> testData = response.body().data;
if(testData != null) {
for(int i = 0; i < testData.size(); i++) {
Log.d("hyj", "msg=" + response.body().msg + " "
+ "status=" + response.body().status + " "
+ testData.get(i).toString());
}
}
}
}
}

@Override
public void onFailure(Call<BaseArrayResult<TestData>> call, Throwable t) {
ToastUtil.showShort(mContext, t.getMessage());
}
});

输出的结果是:

04-08 16:11:44.703 32440-32440/com.zhangsunyucong.chanxa.testproject D/hyj: msg= status=200 testData:cnName=jakewharton age=13 IsBogy=true
04-08 16:11:44.703 32440-32440/com.zhangsunyucong.chanxa.testproject D/hyj: msg= status=200 testData:cnName=小红 age=24 IsBogy=false

手动解释####

关键的代码是:

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private ParameterizedType type(final Class raw, final Type... args) {
return new ParameterizedType() {
public Type getRawType() {
return raw;
}

public Type[] getActualTypeArguments() {
return args;
}

public Type getOwnerType() {
return null;
}
};
}

当data返回的是对象时:

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TestDataApi testDataApi = retrofit.create(TestDataApi.class);
Call<String> resultCall = testDataApi.getArrayData();
resultCall.enqueue(new Callback<String>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<String> call, Response<String> response) {
if(response.isSuccessful()) {
if(response.body() != null) {
String testDataStr = response.body();
Gson gson = new Gson();

BaseObjectResult<TestData> testData = gson.fromJson(testDataStr,
type(BaseObjectResult.class, TestData.class));

Log.d("hyj", "msg=" + testData.msg + " "
+ "status=" + testData.status + " "
+ testData.data.toString());
}
}
}

@Override
public void onFailure(Call<String> call, Throwable t) {
ToastUtil.showShort(mContext, t.getMessage());
}
});

当返回的data是数组时:

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TestDataApi testDataApi = retrofit.create(TestDataApi.class);
Call<String> resultCall = testDataApi.getArrayData();
resultCall.enqueue(new Callback<String>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<String> call, Response<String> response) {
if(response.isSuccessful()) {
if(response.body() != null) {
String testDataStr = response.body();
Gson gson = new Gson();

BaseArrayResult<TestData> testData = gson.fromJson(testDataStr,
type(BaseArrayResult.class, TestData.class));

if(testData != null && testData.data != null) {
for(int i = 0; i < testData.data.size(); i++) {
Log.d("hyj", "msg=" + testData.msg + " "
+ "status=" + testData.status + " "
+ testData.data.get(i).toString());
}
}
}
}
}

@Override
public void onFailure(Call<String> call, Throwable t) {
ToastUtil.showShort(mContext, t.getMessage());
}
});

它们返回的结果和第一种方法的返回结果是一样的。